JavaScript 解构:数组和对象的简化处理
ES6 引入的 JavaScript 解构功能,让数组和对象数据的提取和赋值变得高效便捷。它提升了代码的可读性和简洁性。
1. 数组解构
数组解构将数组元素直接赋值给变量:
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const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4];
const [x, y, z] = numbers;
console.log(x); // 输出:1
console.log(y); // 输出:2
console.log(z); // 输出:3
使用逗号占位符跳过数组元素:
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const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4];
const [x, , z] = numbers;
console.log(x); // 输出:1
console.log(z); // 输出:3
为缺失元素设置默认值:
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const numbers = [1];
const [x, y = 2] = numbers;
console.log(x); // 输出:1
console.log(y); // 输出:2
2. 对象解构
对象解构将对象属性赋值给变量,使用花括号 {}:
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const person = {
firstName: "John",
age: 30,
city: "New York"
};
const { firstName, age, city } = person;
console.log(firstName); // 输出:John
console.log(age); // 输出:30
console.log(city); // 输出:New York
解构时可重命名变量:
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const person = {
firstName: "John",
age: 30
};
const { firstName: name, age: years } = person;
console.log(name); // 输出:John
console.log(years); // 输出:30
为对象属性设置默认值:
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const person = {
firstName: "John"
};
const { firstName, age = 25 } = person;
console.log(firstName); // 输出:John
console.log(age); // 输出:25
解构嵌套对象:
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const person = {
firstName: "John",
address: {
city: "New York",
zip: "10001"
}
};
const { firstName, address: { city, zip } } = person;
console.log(firstName); // 输出:John
console.log(city); // 输出:New York
console.log(zip); // 输出:10001
3. 函数参数中的解构
在函数参数中直接使用解构:
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function showCoords([x, y]) {
console.log(`x: ${x}, y: ${y}`);
}
const coords = [10, 20];
showCoords(coords); // 输出:x: 10, y: 20
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function showPerson({ firstName, age }) {
console.log(`Name: ${firstName}, Age: ${age}`);
}
const person = { firstName: "Jane", age: 25 };
showPerson(person); // 输出:Name: Jane, Age: 25
4. 剩余运算符与解构
剩余运算符 (...) 收集剩余元素或属性:
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const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4];
const [first, ...rest] = numbers;
console.log(first); // 输出:1
console.log(rest); // 输出: [2, 3, 4]
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const person = {
firstName: "John",
age: 30,
city: "New York"
};
const { firstName, ...rest } = person;
console.log(firstName); // 输出:John
console.log(rest); // 输出: { age: 30, city: New York }
总结
作者:Abhay Singh Kathayat
全栈开发人员,精通前后端技术,致力于构建高效、可扩展、用户友好的应用程序。
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